STEM vs. Non-STEM Degrees in the USA: What’s Better for International Students?

Choosing to study in the United States is a life-changing decision. One of the most critical choices international students must make is selecting a major—STEM or Non-STEM. While personal interests and career goals play a central role, this decision also directly affects job prospects, work authorization in the U.S., and future opportunities in your home country.

In the U.S., your degree type can influence how long you’re legally allowed to work after graduation, thanks to programs like Optional Practical Training (OPT) and STEM OPT Extension.

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Understanding the Key Difference: STEM vs. Non-STEM Degrees

International students on an F-1 visa are eligible for Optional Practical Training (OPT)—a temporary work authorization related to their field of study. However, the duration of OPT differs significantly based on your major.

• STEM Degrees: Eligible for 12 months OPT + 24-month STEM extension = Total 36 months
• Non-STEM Degrees: Eligible for only 12 months OPT

This difference makes STEM degrees more favorable for students looking to gain extended work experience in the U.S. job market.

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What is a STEM Degree in the USA?

STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. These degrees focus on innovation, analytical thinking, and problem-solving. They are highly valued by employers for their practical and technical relevance.

Popular STEM Degree Examples in the USA:

• Computer Science
• Data Science
• Engineering (Civil, Mechanical, Electrical)
• Biology
• Information Technology
• Mathematics and Statistics
• Business Analytics (if STEM-designated)

Benefits of Studying a STEM Degree in the USA:

• Extended work authorization (up to 3 years via OPT + STEM OPT)
• High salary potential
• Strong job security
• High global demand, especially in IT, data, and engineering sectors

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What is a Non-STEM Degree in the USA?

Non-STEM degrees encompass fields outside science and technology, emphasizing creativity, communication, leadership, and social awareness.

Popular Non-STEM Degree Examples in the USA:

• Business Management and Marketing
• Psychology
• International Relations
• Hospitality and Tourism
• Journalism and Media Studies
• Fine Arts
• Education and Social Sciences

Benefits of Studying a Non-STEM Degree in the USA:

• Development of critical soft skills: leadership, communication, and cultural intelligence
• Excellent fit for careers in business, media, NGOs, hospitality, and education
• Practical work experience through CPT (Curricular Practical Training)
• Ideal for those aiming for impactful leadership roles in home countries

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Who Should Consider a STEM Degree in the USA?

You should choose a STEM degree if:

• You want to maximize your work authorization in the U.S.
• You’re interested in high-growth fields like technology, engineering, or data science
• You aim for strong global job prospects
• You value innovation, research, and technical problem-solving

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Who Should Consider a Non-STEM Degree in the USA?

You may prefer a Non-STEM degree if:

• You’re passionate about business, media, tourism, education, or social work
• You want to develop leadership, creativity, and communication skills
• You plan to return home and make a difference in your community
• You’re open to gaining international experience via CPT during studies

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STEM vs. Non-STEM: Which is Better for International Students?

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer. The best choice depends on your:

• Career goals (technical vs. creative/managerial)
• Desired work experience duration in the U.S.
• Long-term plan (settling in the U.S. vs. returning home)

Both degree types offer unique benefits. What matters most is choosing a program that aligns with your personal passions and career aspirations.

FAQs: STEM vs. Non-STEM Degrees in the USA

1. What is the main difference between STEM and Non-STEM degrees?

STEM degrees focus on technical subjects like science and engineering, while Non-STEM degrees are based on fields like arts, business, and social sciences.

2. Can I stay longer in the U.S. after graduating with a STEM degree?

Yes, STEM graduates can stay up to 3 years (12 months OPT + 24-month STEM extension). Non-STEM graduates get only 12 months of OPT.

3. Is a Non-STEM degree less valuable?

Not at all. Non-STEM degrees offer strong leadership and communication skills and open doors to careers in management, media, education, and NGOs.

4. Can I work while studying a Non-STEM degree in the USA?

Yes. You can gain experience through Curricular Practical Training (CPT) during your studies.

5. Do all Business degrees count as Non-STEM?

Not always. Some Business degrees like Business Analytics may be STEM-designated depending on the university’s classification.

6. Which degree type offers better job opportunities globally?

Both do, depending on the industry. STEM degrees are in high demand in tech and engineering, while Non-STEM degrees are sought after in business, media, and education sectors.

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Final Thoughts

Whether you choose a STEM or Non-STEM degree, ensure your decision supports your career ambitions and personal goals. Consider your passion, job market trends, and visa regulations when deciding your path to success in the U.S. and beyond.